Predonation Iron and Hematological Status of Whole Blood Donors in Lagos, Nigeria: Impact on Blood Supply

Abstract

Context: Regular blood donations can engender iron depletion and its complications; reducing the prevalence of iron depletion among blood donors is a key strategy for optimizing donors’ health. However, the factors impacting on iron deficiency among blood donors are not yet well characterized in our environment.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine predonation iron status and hematological profile among blood donors. Settings and Design: We conducted a comparative cross‑sectional study of eligible blood donors at Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Consenting participants were consecutively recruited.

Materials and Methods: Sociodemographic data were collected using an interviewer‑administered questionnaire. Blood samples for estimation of ferritin, serum iron, total iron‑binding capacity, and complete blood count were collected.

Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was conducted using Stata version 14 software. Results: About three‑fourths of the participants (n = 234, 74.8%) were first‑time donors and one‑fourth (n = 79, 25.2%) were frequent donors. Overall, 16 (5.1%) of the blood donors had depleted iron stores. There was a significant difference in the prevalence of iron depletion between first‑time and regular donors (P < 0.01). Multivariable analysis showed that the odds of iron deficiency decreased by 58% for every g/dl increase in hemoglobin levels (odds ratio = 0.42, 95% confidence interval: 0.24–0.73, P = 0.002). Smokers had about 14‑fold odds of having iron deficiency as compared to nonsmokers.

Conclusion: Although current donation strategies to mitigate donation‑related iron loss have resulted in a significant decline in the prevalence of iron deficiency in frequent blood donors, we are still a long way from keeping our iron‑replete blood donors.