A Review of the Sociodemographic Characteristics of Children Immunized with the Rotavirus Vaccine in Adonai Hospital, Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, North‑Central Nigeria
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.60787/njgp.v19i1.12Keywords:
rotavirus, immunization, clinical audit, ChildrenAbstract
Introduction: There is a dearth of literature on existing rotavirus immunization services offered in Nigeria; with only very little information has been documented about it. This study aims to conduct a clinical audit of all children immunized with rotavirus vaccine in Adonai Hospital, Karu Local Government Area, Nasarawa State, north‑central Nigeria.
Materials and Methods: This study was a hospital‑based study which adopted a retrospective study design. The population included in this study was children who had received rotavirus vaccine at Adonai Hospital. The study instrument was a data extraction form which obtained information about the sociodemographic data and clinical data of the children registered in the child immunization register. Only the data of all children immunized with rotavirus vaccine at the facility were obtained.
Statistical Analysis Used: Data collected were analyzed using SPSS version 20 software. Results: A total of 111 children had been immunized with rotavirus vaccine in the health facility, 51.4% of them were males, 20.7% were from Igbo ethnicity, 86.5% came from Christian families, and all were residing in urban areas. All the children were within the age of 6 weeks to 40 weeks as the time of rotavirus vaccination. The dropout rate for rotavirus vaccine among the immunized children was 17.1%. Only 2.7% of all the children that received the vaccine developed an adverse event following immunization (AEFI), of which all were minor AEFIs.
Conclusions: This study recorded a low rate of AEFI among children immunized with rotavirus vaccine in Adonai Hospital. Furthermore, the observed dropout rate in our facility is relatively very low when compared with the general dropout rate observed among children receiving immunization services in Nigeria. Notwithstanding, we recommend that investigations need to be done to explore the reasons why some children have dropped out of the rotavirus vaccination program at the surveyed facility.
Downloads
References
World Health Organization. Diarrhoeal Disease; May 2, 2017. Available from: https://www.who.int/news‑room/fact‑sheets/detail/diarrhoeal‑disease. [Last accessed on 2020 Nov 03].
GBD Diarrhoeal Diseases Collaborators. Estimates of global, regional,and national morbidity, mortality, and etiologies of diarrhoeal diseases: A systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. Lancet Infect Dis 2017;17:909‑48.
Kotloff KL, Nataro JP, Blackwelder WC, Nasrin D, Farag TH, Panchalingam S, et al. Burden and aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in infants and young children in developing countries (the Global Enteric Multicenter Study, GEMS): A prospective, case‑control study. Lancet 2013;382:209‑22.
Fiedoruk K, Daniluk T, Rozkiewicz D, Zaremba ML, Oldak E, Sciepuk M, et al. Conventional and molecular methods in the diagnosis of community‑acquired diarrhoea in children under 5 years of age from the north‑eastern region of Poland. Int J Infect Dis 2015;37:145‑51.
Humphries RM, Linscott AJ. Practical guidance for clinical microbiology laboratories: Diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis Clin Microbiol Rev 2015;28:3‑1.
Platts‑Mills JA, Liu J, Houpt ER. New concepts in diagnostics for infectious diarrhea. Mucosal Immunol 2013;6:876‑85.
Barnes GL, Uren E, Stevens KB, Bishop RF. Etiology of acute gastroenteritis in hospitalized children in Melbourne, Australia, from April 1980 to March 1993. J Clin Microbiol 1998;36:133‑8.
Hart CA, Cunliffe NA, Nakagomi O. Diarrhoea caused by viruses. In: Cook GC, Zumla AI, eds. Manson’s Tropical Diseases, 22nd edition. Philadephia: Saunders, Elsevier. 2009. p. 815‑24.
Cunliffe NA, Nakagomi O. A critical time for rotavirus vaccines: A review. Expert Rev Vaccines 2005;4:521‑32.
Parashar UD, Hummelman EG, Bresee JS, Miller MA, Glass RI. Global illness and deaths caused by rotavirus disease in children. Emerg Infect Dis 2003;9:565‑72.
George CM, Perin J, Neiswender de Calani KJ, Norman WR, Perry H, Davis TP Jr., et al. Risk factors for diarrhea in children under five years of age residing in peri‑urban communities in Cochabamba, Bolivia. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2014;91:1190‑6.
Arvelo W, Kim A, Creek T, Legwaila K, Puhr N, Johnston S, et al. Case‑control study to determine risk factors for diarrhea among children during a large outbreak in a country with a high prevalence of HIV infection. Int J Infect Dis 2010;14:e1002‑7.
Jagai JS, Smith GS, Schmid JE, Wade TJ. Trends in gastroenteritis‑associated mortality in the United States, 1985‑2005:
Variations by ICD‑9 and ICD‑10 codes. BMC Gastroenterol 2014;14:211.
Mokomane M, Kasvosve I, de Melo E, Pernica JM, Goldfarb DM. The global problem of childhood diarrhoeal diseases: Emerging strategies in prevention and management. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2018;5:29‑43.
Dennehy PH. Transmission of rotavirus and other enteric pathogens in the home. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2000;19:S103‑5.
Keswick BH, Pickering LK, DuPont HL, Woodward WE. Survival and detection of rotaviruses on environmental surfaces in day care centers. Appl Environ Microbiol 1983;46:813‑6.
Chia G, Ho HJ, Ng CG, Neo FJ, Win MK, Cui L, et al. An unusual outbreak of rotavirus G8P[8] gastroenteritis in adults in an urban community, Singapore, 2016. J Clin Virol 2018;105:57‑63.
Woyessa AB, Abebe A, Beyene B, Tefera M, Assefa E, Ketema H, et al. Rotavirus‑associated acute diarrhea outbreak in West Shewa Zone of Oromia Regional State, Ethiopia, 2017. Pan Afr Med J 2019;32:202.
Maguire JE, Glasgow K, Glass K, Roczo‑Farkas S, Bines JE, Sheppeard V, et al. Rotavirus epidemiology and monovalent
rotavirus vaccine effectiveness in Australia: 2010‑2017. Pediatrics 2019;144:e20191024.
Nguyen TV, Le van P, Le Huy C, Weintraub A. Diarrhea caused by rotavirus in children less than 5 years of age in Hanoi, Vietnam. J Clin Microbiol 2004;42:5745‑50.
Karampatsas K, Osborne L, Seah ML, Tong CY, Prendergast AJ. 10 Clinical characteristics and complications of rotavirus gastroenteritis in children in east London: A retrospective case‑control study. PLoS One 2018;13:e0194009.
World Health Organization. Rotavirus; September 5, 2018. Available from:
https://www.who.int/immunization/monitoring_surveillance/burden/vpd/WHO_SurveillanceVaccinePreventable_19_Rotavirus_R2.pdf?ua=1. [Last accessed on 2020 Nov 11].
World Health Organization. Rotavirus; October 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/immunization/diseases/rotavirus/en/. [Last accessed on 2020 Nov 11].
Medecins Sans Frontieres. Oral Rotavirus Vaccine. Available from: https://medicalguidelines.msf.org/viewport/EssDr/english/oral‑rotavirus‑vaccine‑42730035.html. [Last accessed on 2021 Mar 13].
Adedire EB, Ajayi I, Fawole OI, Ajumobi O, Kasasa S, Wasswa P, et al. Immunisation coverage and its determinants among children aged 12‑23 months in Atakumosa‑west district, Osun State Nigeria: A cross‑sectional study. BMC Public Health 2016;16:905.
Adeloye D, Jacobs W, Amuta AO, Ogundipe O, Mosaku O, Gadanya MA, et al. Coverage and determinants of childhood immunization in Nigeria: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Vaccine 2017;35:2871‑81.
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Nigerian Journal of General Practice
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
